民国乡村建设运动的历史转向及其原因探析

Historical Turn and Its Reasons of the Rural Construction Movement in the Republic of China

民国乡村建设的动力源于近代社会组织,这既决定了其社会运动的基本特性,也规定了社会建设为其重心。由于政府力量的介入和主导,1935年后乡村建设面临歧路之分,并于1937年后终被演变为政府主导的农政,其社会建设主旨遂消解于无形。乡村建设是一个应运而生的社会运动,它也确乎构成整个国家建设和社会-文化建设的根基所在。在由传统社会向现代社会转型的历史进程中,社会、国家以及学术的共同动员和参与,乃至如何在合作互动中适度区分社会与国家的界域,以保持其久远的活力和目标之实现,是一个时代性命题。对它的认知和反思,具有超越乡村建设本身的价值和意义。

Rural construction in the Republic of China had been pushed by modern social organizations,so determined its fundamental features and focus as a social movement.As a result of governmental involvement and dominance,rural construction movement came at a cross point by 1935,eventually it was reduced to a farming governance of kind dominated by government,its purpose of social construction disappeared.Rural construction movement was a response to changing situations,indeed it made a base for national building and social and cultural constructions.In the transition of traditional society to modern society,the mobilization and participation of society,state and even academia,and how to appropriately divide state and society in interactive cooperation,is a current subject.The value and significance of thinking of this subject is beyond rural construction.