基于设计的工程学习:模型、机理及特征(上)

Design-based Engineering Learning:Model,Mechanism and its Features(PartⅠ)

运用跨案例聚类分析方法,提炼出基于设计的工程学习的核心要素(包括学习环境、动机、设计行动、探究行动、共同体)的共同特征,分析各核心要素间的相互关系,由此构建起基于设计的工程学习过程模型;深入剖析其内在机理,即学习者依托实践共同体在以问题解决方案搜索策略为基础的"效率"与以专业知识为基础的"创新"之间形成均衡发展;归纳了基于设计的工程学习的基本特征,即嵌套情境性、个体反思性、社会交互性和循环迭代性。研究还发现,基于设计的工程学习运用溯因推理,是一种独特的学习方式。

With cross-case cluster analysis method, this paper summarizes some common features of the core elements of design-based engineering learning, which include learning environment, motivation, design, exploration and community, and analyzes interaction and mutual influence among the core ele- ments and their sub-elements,which leads to the establishment of a preliminary process model for design-based engineering learning. It also analyzes the internal mechanism of design-based engineering learning, the learner has a dynamic balanced development between ＂efficiency＂ based on effective search strategies and ＂innovation＂ based on professional knowledge in community of practice. Finally, this paper summarizes the basic features of design-based engineering learning including nested situation, individual reflection, social interaction and loop-iteration and finds design-based engineering learning with adductive reasoning is a unique learning style.