中国环境规制效率空间格局动态演变及其驱动机制

Spatial evolution and driving mechanism of China's environmental regulation efficiency

环境规制效率评价是评估政府环境治理绩效的重要方式和途径。运用数据包络分析方法(DEA模型)测度中国环境规制效率,结合变异系数、基尼系数、空间自相关以及Tobit模型,探讨中国环境规制效率空间演变特征,并探究环境规制效率影响因素及驱动机制,研究表明:1 2000-2012年中国各地区环境规制效率呈现波动上升趋势,变异系数、基尼系数呈现"综合效率>规模效率>纯技术效率"态势;2环境规制综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率随着经济发展水平的提高逐渐递增,且呈现东部地区>东北地区>中部地区>西部地区的空间分异特征,环境规制效率空间集聚态势明显;3经济发展、城镇化、技术投入、市场化、全球化等与环境规制效率呈显著性正相关,而产业结构(工业产值占GDP比例)与环境规制效率呈显著性负相关。研究结果可为实现区域可持续发展提供一定的指导和借鉴。

Environmental issue is the focus that influences the sustainable development of China＇s economy and society. The negative externality of environmental pollution to production and living has become more and more serious, and the environmental awareness of the government and general public are enhancing and their environmental concepts are converting. Thus, the environmental regulation has been critical to the coordinated development of regional economy and environment, and to improve the living quality of residents and to build a harmonious society. Mid- term evaluation of the 12 th Five- Year Plan,published by National Development and Reform Commission, shows that the development of 4indexes（the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption, unit GDP energy consumption, CO2 emission intensity, and NOx） has lagged behind. Also, hazy weather and human settlements have continuously deteriorated. The evaluation illustrates that the effects of the environmental management are unsatisfactory. Accordingly, it is necessary to reexamine the performance and driving mechanism of government＇s environmental investment and management. Environmental regulation efficiency evaluation is a critical method of assessing environmental governance performance. In this paper, data envelopment analysis is used to measure China＇s environmental regulation efficiency, and the spatial evolution are analyzed based on variable coefficient, Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and Tobit model. In addition, the influencing factors and comprehensive driving mechanisms are discriminated. The conclusions are as follows：（1） The environmental regulation efficiency had an fluctuated upward trend during 2000- 2012, and the variable coefficient and Gini coefficient presented a tendency of ＂combined efficiency scale efficiency pure technical efficiency＂;（2） The environmental regulation combined efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have a characteristic of spatial heterogeneity, which presents a trend of ＂eastern region northeastern region central region western region＂, and the spatial agglomeration of environmental regulation efficiency is emerging;（3） The economic development, urbanization,technology input, marketization, globalization have positive correlations with environmental regulation efficiency. The industrial structure（the proportion of industrial output in GDP）,however, has negative correlation with environmental regulation efficiency. In general, this paper has explored the spatial evolution and comprehensive driving mechanism of China＇s environmental regulation efficiency. And, it has resolved the predicament in environmental regulation that the local eco- environment is improving whereas the overall situation is declining. Furthermore, it has provided a research framework of spatial evolution＇s geographical processes and multi- driving mechanisms, and the key scientific topics of ＂process ＋ pattern＂ and ＂element ＋ mechanism＂ in geography have been strengthened.Therefore, this paper can provide reference for regional sustainable development.