作为政治哲学家的马克思与马克思的政治哲学

Marx Being a Political Philosopher and His Political Philosophy

近代以来的哲学理论植根于商品经济和市民社会的历史土壤,这决定了在整个近现代哲学发展史中,政治哲学实际扮演着"第一哲学"的角色。从这一点来看,马克思是以政治哲学家的身份介入哲学的,其早期理论活动主要展现为政治批判活动。从1844年开始,马克思从政治批判明确转向了经济批判,但这并不意味着其政治哲学的终结,相反是其早期所确立的政治哲学理论思路的一种根本性深化,故而也就代表着其政治哲学的推进和最后完成。在经济批判的语境中,马克思由于是在历史唯物主义视域中建立政治哲学理论叙事的,所以其政治哲学是在与社会批判理论和历史哲学理论相互缠绕的复杂格局中得以开展的。这种从西方规范性政治哲学视角来看是"非政治哲学"的理论开展形式,却标志着近代以来政治哲学所达到的最高理论反思水平。

Political philosophy is the first philosophy in the history of modern philosophy, because the philosophy mod-ern times is rooted in the commodity economy. From this perspective, Marx as a political philosopher started his philosophical research, and his early theoretical activity was political critique. After 1844, Marx turned from po-litical critique to economical critique definitely, which did not end, but deepened his political philosophy. In the context of economical critique, Marx established the narrative of political philosophy in the horizon of historical materialism, which was intertwined with social critical theory and historical philosophy theory.