日本城市生活垃圾处理的联动机制与居民自治会的重要作用

The Linkage Mechanism of Japan Municipal Household Waste Disposal and the Important Role of Residents' Council

城市生活垃圾的迅速积累已经对市民生活产生严重影响。然而,尽管政府出台了一系列法律法规,企业积极将垃圾处理市场商业化,民众的环保节能意识也逐渐提高,我国距离"减量化、资源化"和"循环经济"的政策目标还存在一定距离。文章记录和分析了日本熊本市某自治会对生活垃圾的处理方法,在该案例中,日本政府、企业、民间团体和普通居民在生活垃圾处理问题上形成联动机制,其中,民间团体担任了细化、执行和监督相关法律法规,同时平衡政府、企业和居民之间利益冲突的责任,在推进日本环保事业进程中发挥了重要作用。

The municipal household waste has been accumulating rapidly, which has severely affected the residents＇ quality of life. Despite the efforts from major stakeholders, including the government who has promulgated a series of laws and regulations, the enterprises have actively participated in the commercialization of waste disposal and the citizens have improved their consciousness of environmental protection and energy saving, there is still a long way to practice the policy goal of ＂reducing quantity, harmless, an anonymous residents＇ council in Kumamoto, Japan, reclamation＂. This work presented and analyzed the practice of in dealing with their municipal household waste. The Japanese government, enterprises, residents, and residents＇ council formed a linkage system, in which the residents＇ council played an indispensable role. This council is responsible for specifying, enforcing and monitoring the abstract laws and regulations as well as balancing the conflicting interests among governments, enterprises and residents.