福斯塔特遗址出土的中国陶瓷——1998-2001年研究成果介绍

The Chinese Ceramics Unearthed in Fustat Ruins: An Overview of 1998-2001 Research Results

福斯塔特是9-14世纪伊斯兰世界最大的工商业贸易城市,兴盛始于法蒂玛(Fatimid)王朝,终止于马木鲁克(Mamluk)王朝。该遗址大量出土的东亚陶瓷器,是展现中国与伊斯兰世界贸易的重要资料,20世纪以来受到欧美及日本的中国陶瓷研究者的密切关注。以小山富士夫、三上次男、长谷部乐尔为首的出光美术馆调查团曾于1964年调查了福斯塔特遗址出土的中国陶瓷,其成果见诸于三上次男著作《陶瓷之路》。1998-2001年间,长谷部乐尔率领的出光美术馆、中近东文化中心调查团对这个遗址出土的一万两千余片中国、越南、泰国及日本陶瓷进行了调查,作者全程参与,并在法国和英国的东洋陶瓷学会上进行了成果发表。福斯塔特遗址出土的陶瓷中,中国陶瓷占3%,都是质量极高的产品。尤其是约2800片13-14世纪的青花瓷和龙泉青瓷,是蒙古帝国与伊斯兰世界陶瓷贸易的重要证据。

Fustat, which emerged from Fatimid Dynasty but ended in Mamluk Dynasty, was the largest industrial and commercial city of Islamic world during the 9th to 14 th centuries. A large number of East Asian ceramics unearthed from this site record the trade history between China and Islamic world at that time and draw great attention of the scholars from Europe, America and Japan who are expert in Chinese ceramics. In 1964, a research panel from Idemitsu Museum led by Koyama Fujio, Mikami Tsugio and Hasebe Gakuji conducted an investigation to the Chinese ceramics excavated from Fustat ruins, followed by The Expedition to Ceramics by Mikami Tsugio. During 1998-2001, Hasebe Gakuji led another team jointly formed of Idemitsu Museum and Middle East Culture Centre to the site to look into over 12,000 pieces of unearthed ceramic wares exported from China, Vietnam, Thailand and Japan. The author participated in the whole process as a team member and published his research at Oriental Ceramic Society in France and Britain. The amount of Chinese first-class ceramics takes up 3% of the total in the ruins of Fustat. Something like 2,800 sherds of Blue-and-White and Longquan wares produced during the 13 th to 14 th centuries work as witness to the ceramic trade history between Mongolian Empire and Islamic World.