西安市居住贫困的空间分异及形成机制

Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of residential poverty in Xi′an city

基于2012—2014年西安市主城6区54街道常住人口居住条件的大型社会调查,结合社会经济指标及居住条件指标,运用生态因子法、聚类分析法等对西安市居住贫困空间分异及原因进行定量和定性探究。结果显示:西安市居住贫困可被解释为4个居住贫困主因子,其空间分布主要呈圈层及圈层结合扇形的结构。根据4个主因子、各指标及居住贫困综合指数可划分出5个居住贫困类型:社会网络剥夺贫困区、居住产权剥夺贫困区、设施剥夺贫困区、人均面积剥夺贫困区、住房类型剥夺贫困区,其空间分异总体呈圈层与扇形结构的综合;除三环外圈居住贫困类型较为单一外,三环以内分异相对破碎。造成居住贫困的原因是外部机制和内部机制共同作用的结果。因此,提出完善保障房建设、改善贫困聚居区的环境、综合经济发展、社会文化融合在内的反居住贫困建议及居住贫困的动态监测方案。

Based on a large survey of permanent population residential condition in Xiran city from 2012 to 2014, combining social, economic indicators with the indicators of living conditions, and using the ecological factor method and cluster analysis method, the spatial differentiation of residential poverty and its reasons in Xiran city were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the residential poverty can be explained by four main factors, which are in circle-layer structure and fan structure combined with circle-layer structure. According to four main factors, indexes and residential poverty composite index, residential poverty can be divided into five types, that is, deprivation of social network, deprivation of residential property, deprivation of residential facilities, deprivation of the per capita residential area, deprivation of housing types, whose spatial differentiation pattern overall shows a combination of fan structure and circle-layer structure. Beside outer suburbs, the spatial segregation of residential poverty type is relatively fragmentized. The residential poverty is caused by the joint outcomes of external and internal mechanism. So, a dynamic monitoring program of residential poverty and suggestions of providing enough security housing, improving the environment in the poor neighborhoods, and taking various aspects into consideration, including economic development and cultural fusion are put forward.