汉语作为第二语言的越南大学生汉字部件意识的发展

The Development of Chinese Component Awareness in Vietnamese Students Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language

以226名将汉语作为第二语言的越南大学一到四年级学生为研究对象,以低频独体字、部件熟悉假字和部件不熟悉假字为材料,采用延迟书写任务,考察了不同年级的越南大学生汉字部件意识的发展及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)学习3个月汉语的大一学生能以部件作为汉字加工单元,其延迟书写部件熟悉假字显著好于低频独体字,并与高年级学生没有差异,说明越南大学生很早就发展出了汉字部件意识;(2)不同年级大学生书写部件不熟悉假字的成绩都显著低于部件熟悉假字,也低于低频独体字,表明部件构字能力是越南大学生汉字书写的重要影响因素。(3)越南大一学生的汉字书写成绩受到汉字结构的影响,左右结构优于上下结构,但其他年级的成绩不受汉字结构的影响。

This study investigates the development of Chinese component awareness in non-native Chinese Language learners. A total of 226 undergraduates majoring in Chinese Language from a university in Hanoi, Vietnam were sorted according to time spent learning Chinese （3 months, 15 months, 27 months, 39 months） . There were three types of materials： low frequency single characters, pseudo compound characters composed from components with high combinability, and pseudo compound characters composed from components with low combinability, were used in a ＂delayed copy＂ experimental task. The results showed that the students with Chinese study expe- rience of 3 months can already break down a character into components for processing and copying, and there was no significant difference between the students of the different study experience times. There was, however, a significant difference between the accuracies of two types of pseudo compound characters those were composed from two types of components with different combinability. In addition, only in the students with Chinese study experience of 3 months, their performance in left-right-structured characters were significantly better than those in top-bottom-structured characters. Taken together, this study suggests that the Vietnamese students acquire the Chinese component awareness very early, their Chinese characters copying is especially affected by the combinability of the components and character structure feature.