外源菌剂对猪粪堆肥质量及四环素类抗生素降解的影响

Effects of exogenous microbial agents on pig manure compost quality and tetracycline antibiotic degradation

为了探讨不同外源菌剂组合对猪粪秸秆堆肥质量及猪粪中四环素类抗生素的降解影响,以猪粪为原料,秸秆为调理剂,分别设置了不加菌剂处理(CK)、添加白腐真菌处理(F)以及同时添加白腐真菌、氨化和硝化菌剂(FAN)三个处理,在自制的长方体翻转式好氧堆肥反应器中进行了猪粪秸秆的堆肥化模拟试验。通过定期采样,分析了堆肥的基本物理性质、氮素形态和其中有机碳(OC)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)和四环素(TC)与土霉素(OTC)含量的变化。结果显示:菌剂添加处理(F和FAN)对堆肥腐熟(种子发芽率)影响不大,但促进了堆肥中有机碳降解及全磷和全钾的增加,单一白腐真菌处理下的铵态氮的损失最小(0.24 g·kg^(-1));四环素和土霉素的浓度随堆肥时间显著下降,经过42 d两种抗生素降解率达90%以上(OTC、TC浓度<5 mg·kg^(-1));白腐真菌起到加速堆肥中四环素降解的作用。

Microbes have important impacts on composting of animal waste, thus influencing compost quality. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different exogenous microbial agent combinations on pig manure-straw composting and tetracycline antibiotic degradation. A forced ventilation pig manure-straw composting box was employed. Three microbial treatments included：no exogenous mi- crobial agent （CK）, white rot fungi （F）, and combined white rot fungi, ammonification and nitrification bacteria （FAN）. Samples were col- lected from each treatment at different composting time. Basic physical properties, nitrogen, carbon, total phosphorus, total potassium and tetracycline and oxytetracycline content were determined. Results showed that the addition of foreign microbial agents（ F and FAN ） had lit- fie effect on the maturity of the pig manure-straw compost indicated by seed germination rate, but increased degradation of organic carbon in the compost as well as total phosphorus and potassium content. Of three treatments, the loss of ammonium nitrogen was the lowest （0.24 g- kg-1） in the F treatment. The concentrations of tetracycline （TC） and oxytetracycline （OTC） decreased significantly （P〈0.05） over the time. On the 42nd day of composting, the content of both OTC and TC was lower than 5 mg· kg-1 and their degradation rates were greater than 90%. The addition of white rot fungus accelerated the degradation of tetracycline to some extent.