慢性镉中毒患者尿液和血液中矿物质水平调查

Investigation of Mineral Elements' Levels in Urine and Blood of Chronic Cadmium Poisoning Patients

[目的]观察慢性镉中毒患者体内矿物质水平的变化,为慢性镉中毒治疗提供参考。[方法]选择某镍镉厂已确诊为慢性镉中毒的200名工人为观察组,该厂健康员工200名为对照组。检测两组人群尿液及血液中的镉(Cd)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、硒(Se)水平(质量浓度,后简称浓度),并进行统计学分析。[结果]观察组尿液中Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu、Se浓度均高于对照组(P<0.01);而观察组血液中Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu浓度均低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组不同尿Cd水平人群,Zn、Cu、Se浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Ca、Mg、Fe的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同血Cd水平人群,Fe、Cu浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ca、Mg、Zn、Se浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]慢性镉中毒可能导致人体内矿物质代谢紊乱,尤其对Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu影响较大。

[Objective] To observe the changes of mineral elements＇ levels in biological samples of chronic cadmium poisoning patients and to provide references for the treatment of chronic cadmium poisoning. [Methods] Chronic cadmium poisoning workers （n=200） in a nickel-cadmium battery factory were chosen as the observation group, and another 200 healthy workers in the same factory were chosen as the control group. Cadmium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium levels in blood and urine samples of the two groups were examined for statistical analysis. [Results] Compared with the healthy workers, the urinary concentrations of calcium, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium in the cadmium poisoning patients were higher （P〈 0.01）; however, the blood concentrations of calcium, zinc, iron, and copper were lower （P 〈 0.01）. Among the observation workers grouped by urinary cadmium concentrations, the concentrations of zinc, copper, and selenium showed significant difference （P 〈0.05）, while the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron showed no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. Among the observation workers grouped by blood cadmium concentrations, the concentrations of iron and copper showed significant difference （P 〈 0.05）, while the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium showed no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. [Conclusion]Chronic cadmium poisoning could cause metabolic disturbance of mineral elements in human body, especially calcium, zinc, iron, and copper.