摘要
汉语的违实条件句可以分为语用类、常理类、当下类和过去类四类。而汉语条件句违实义的达成则与五个因素关系密切:(1)百科知识;(2)语境;(3)标示过去时间的词语;(4)否定;(5)结果小句中的句尾"了"。其中,语境和否定是出现频率最高的两个因素,而百科知识和语境则是达成违实义的最可及因素。此外,绝大多数情况下,汉语条件句违实义的达成依靠的不是某一个因素,而是几个因素的组合。组合的模式多种多样,它们共同构成了汉语条件句违实义达成的"复合系统"。
Chinese counterfactual conditionals can be divided into four types including pragmatic, common knowledge, current, and past. There are five factors which have close relations with the counterfactnal interpretation of Chinese conditional sentences. They are encyclopedic common knowledge, context, words referring past time, negation, and the using of＂le＂ in apodosis. Among them, context and negation have the highest frequencies, while common knowledge and context are the most accessible factors for counterfactual meaning. In addition, in most of the situations, the counterfactnal meaning of Chinese conditionals doesn＇t depend on one of the factors, but on the combination of several factors. There are several kinds of combinational styles, which constitute the composite system of the counterfactual interpretation of the conditional sentences.
出处
《汉语学习》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期12-20,共9页
Chinese Language Learning
基金
教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目"类型学视野中的汉语条件句研究"(项目编号:11YJC740098)资助
关键词
条件句
违实义
可及因素
复合系统
conditional sentences
counterfactual meaning
accessible factors
composite system
