依恋理论视角下家庭式虐童的社会工作干预——以深圳市“儿童零暴力成长救助”项目为例

Social Work Intervention on Family Children's Abuse from the Perspective of Attachment Theory——Taking the Case of "Aid to Children's Zero Violent Growth in Shenzhen" as an Example

我国是《儿童权利公约》签约国,但儿童虐待问题仍未被建构成社会问题。十八大以来释放了儿童保护的积极信号,为受虐待儿童的社会工作干预提供了基础。在深圳市"儿童零暴力成长救助"项目中,采用文献法、参与观察法和访谈法,借助依恋理论视角,更好地理解家庭式虐待产生的问题及原因,关注受虐儿童与施暴者的互动关系,还有对儿童情绪、心理、人格的不利影响。在简述了开展项目的个案支援,发展性小组、社区宣教和多元化合作等实务工作中,会遭遇到文化、伦理、法律、经费的服务困境。社会工作作为服务型治理,通过政策倡导和提供具体服务参与社会治理。当前,社工要在政策上倡导《儿童福利条例》《反家暴法》《防治儿童虐待法》、配套制度、政府购买相关项目;在服务上普及社会反对儿童暴力意识和完善保护性与支持性社工专业服务。为受虐待儿童提供有效的社会工作干预,以期改善亲子关系,使儿童获得健康成长和丰富依恋理论在儿童保护社会工作领域的应用与开发。

China is a signatory country to the Convention on the Rights of Children,but children’s abuse has not been built up as a social problem. After the 18 th CPC National Congress,the release of active signal of protecting children has provided the basis for the social work intervention for the abused children. Relying on the project of ＂ Aid to Children’ s Zero Violent Growth in Shenzhen ＂ and adopting methods of literature research,participant observation and interview,this paper analyzes the problems and reasons of family abuse,the interactive relationship of the abused children and perpetrators,as well as the adverse effects on children’ s emotion,psychology and personality from the perspective of attachment theory. It briefly introduces the case support for the project,the practical situation of developing group,community education and diversified cooperation,and the difficulties they encounter in culture,ethics,law and supporting funds. As a type of service governance,social work participate in social governance through policy advocacy and providing specific services. At present,social workers should advocate Child Welfare Regulations,Anti Domestic Violence Law,Law of Prevention on Child’ s Abuse,as well as corresponding systems and related projects of government purchase at policy level. And they should popularize the consciousness to go against children’ s violence and perfect professional service of protection and supporting,so as to provide effective social work intervention to the abused children to improve the parent-child relationship and help children to grow up healthily.