贺江流域汉语方言语音研究述评

Overview on the Phonetic Researches on the Chinese Dialects within the Watershed of the Hejiang River

贺江流域处在湘粤桂土话区向粤语和西南官话等大方言区的过渡地带,内部还有其他多种汉语方言,这些汉语方言与壮语、瑶语等民族语言交错分布。该流域的汉语方言语音研究主要集中在传统的音系描写和比较,以及在此基础上的平话、土话及粤语的关系问题的讨论,现代实验语音学角度的研究成果较少。未来的研究可以增加广度和深度,进一步增加单点方言材料和讨论区内复杂方言关系,并研究汉语与少数民族语言的接触问题。研究方法可以在传统方法的基础上适当扩大使用实验语音学的方法,以使研究更具科学性和跨学科性。还可以进一步将语音变体和发声态纳入主要研究对象,使研究向更微观的层次发展,以发现更有意义的语音现象和语音规律。

The watershed of the Hejiang River locates at the middle area between patois of Hunan,Guangdong and Guangxi provinces,Cantonese and Southwest Mandarin. Within the watershed,there are several other Chinese dialects,which distribute with the languages of other nationalities like Zhuang and Yao people. Phonetic researches on the Chinese dialects of this watershed mainly concentrate on the descriptions and comparisons of different phonologies,and the debates based on the descriptions. Only a little work has been completed using the methods of phonetic experiment. The width and depth can be enhanced in the future research. More descriptions of phonologies can be fulfilled. More discussions about the relationship between different dialects may go on. Much work waits to be done about the language contacts. Besides using the traditional researching methods,the methods of phonetic experiment can be used more often to make the research work more scientific and interdisciplinary. Phonetic variants and phonation modes can be fit into the research scope to make the research more microcosmic and to make more valuable findings.