^(60)Co-γ射线对小麦幼胚离体后的诱变效应

Effect of ^(60)Co-γ Ray on Mutagenesis of Wheat Immature Embryo in vitro

为了促进四川高产小麦的发展,拓宽种质资源,用四川小麦川麦58等与北方小麦济麦22等杂交的F1代幼胚为材料,利用辐射诱变产生突变体,探讨4、6、8、12 Gy等不同辐射剂量对小麦幼胚离体培养的影响。结果表明,任何剂量的^(60)Co-γ射线对小麦幼胚离体后胚状体诱导率、愈伤组织的增值倍数及植株的再生率都有显著影响,所有处理随辐照剂量的增大而显著下降,其中愈伤组织诱导率从0 Gy 96.04%降到12 Gy 74.74%,愈伤组织增值倍数从3.22倍降到1.41倍,增值后绿点率从54.44%降到33.36%,剂量4和6 Gy的绿点率显著低于对照,而二者无显著差异。剂量6 Gy的植株再生率为19.76%,约为对照一半左右,当剂量达到8 Gy后,植株再生率大幅度下降,由此得出6 Gy的剂量是小麦幼胚辐射适宜的诱变剂量。

In order to promote the development of Sichuan high yield wheat,broaden the germplasm resources,the hybrid wheat immature embryo of Sichuan wheat such as Chuanmai 58 etc and Northen wheat such as Jimai 22 etc were irradiated with five doses（ 0,4,6,8 and 12Gy）. The results showed that it was inhibitory effect of ^（60）Co-γ Ray on wheat immature embryo,the somatic embryo induction rate and increase times and the regeneration frequency of explants reduced remarkbly with the increase of irradiation doses. In addition,the irradiated doses raised from 0 Gy to 12 Gy,the calluse rate decreased from 96. 04 % to 74. 74 % instead,the increase times reduced from 3. 22 to 1.41 times,also the frequency of green plantlet differentiation reduced from 54. 44 % to 33. 36 %,the frequency of green plantlet differentiation showed no significant difference between 4 and 6 Gy,which were much lower than that of CK. The plant germination rate in 6 Gy was19. 76 % and almost half of CK,nevertheless,while the irradiation dose increased to 8 Gy,it reduced remarkbly. According to the rate of plant germination,6 Gy was the optimum mutation dose.