3种秧苗不同秧龄机插对水稻产量性状的影响

Effects of Mechanical Transplanting on Characteristics of Rice Yield with Seedlings at Different Ages

为了研究适宜成都平原麦（油）茬-稻种植制度的机插秧技术,以主推品种F优498为材料,选择毯状苗、钵形毯状苗、钵形穴盘苗在30、35、40、45、50 d秧龄进行机插,分析3种类型的秧苗不同秧龄机插对产量和产量性状的影响。结果表明,秧苗类型极显著影响穗数、着粒数、结实率、产量,显著影响千粒重;秧龄极显著影响穗数、着粒数、结实率、千粒重、产量;互作极显著影响穗数、着粒数、结实率、千粒重,但对产量的影响没有达到显著水平。钵形穴盘苗比钵形毯状苗增产187.11×103kg·hm-2,增幅21.6%,比毯状苗增产514.93×103kg·hm-2,增幅5.61%。3种类型的秧苗在30 d秧龄时机插产量最高,达到9459.63×103kg·hm-2,延迟机插会减产。不同的秧苗类型减产幅度存在较大差异。钵形穴盘苗超过45 d机插极显著减产,钵形毯状苗超过40 d机插极显著减产,毯状苗超过35 d机插极显著减产。由此可见,钵形穴盘苗秧苗素质好,秧龄可以增达到40~45 d机插,机插秧插秧质量高,可满足成都平原稻麦（油）两熟区种植制度进行机插秧的需求,通过构建足穗、大穗、高结实率的高产群体,实现高产稳产。

The aim was to research mechanical transplanting technology suitable for wheat stubble-rice cropping system in Chengdu Plain.With F you No. 498 as test materials,blanket-shaped seedlings,bowl-shaped blanket-shaped seedlings,and tray bowl-shaped seedlings at the ages of 30,35,40,45 and 50 d were selected for mechanical transplanting in order to analyze the effects of mechanical transplanting on characteristics of rice yield with seedlings at different ages. The result showed that the type of seeding had extremely significant effects on the number of ear,the number of kernel,setting percentage,and yield,and had significant effects on thousand-kernel weight; Seedling age extremely affected the number of ear,the number of kernel,setting percentage,and yield; Interaction had the extremely significant effects on the number of ear,the number of kernel,setting percentage,and thousand-kernel weight and had insignificant effects on yield. Yield in the treatment with tray bowl-shaped seedlings increased by 187. 11 × 103 kg / hm2 compared with the treatment with blanket-shaped seedlings and by 514. 93 × 103 kg / hm2 compared with the treatment with bowl-shaped blanket-shaped seedlings. For the three seedlings,yields all reached the peaks at 9459. 63 × 103 kg / hm2,with seedling age at 30 d,and yield would decline with mechanical transplanting postponed. The decreased yield tended to be volatile upon seedling type. In the treatment with tray bowl-shaped seedlings at 45 d,yield declined extremely significantly by mechanical transplanting; In the treatment with bowl-shaped blanket-shaped seedlings at 40 d,yield declined extremely significantly by mechanical transplanting; In the treatment with blanketshaped seedlings at 35 d,yield declined extremely significantly by mechanical transplanting. It was concluded that the quality of tray bowl-shaped seedlings performed the best,and the seedling age could be extended to 40- 45 d with mechanical transplanting,which was suitable to be grown in Chengdu Plain,with high and stable yields guaranteed.