吐鲁番市农田土壤特征分析

Analysis of Farmland Soil in Turpan City

本文对鲁番市的4条河流(大河沿河、塔尔朗河、煤窑沟和黑沟)灌区农田土壤进行土样采集,测得吐鲁番市土壤总盐、全盐、电导率、主要离子含量和土壤养分,分析了土壤盐渍化类型、程度;对每条河流不同空间的土壤含盐量进行对比分析;明确土壤盐分与主要离子之间的相关关系及不同灌溉水影响土壤养分的组成。结果表明,研究区土壤有部分出现盐渍化趋势,且土壤次生盐渍化趋势较高,吐鲁番市土壤含盐量高低与各离子(即CO-3、HCO-3、SO2-4、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+)含量大小有密切的关系;土壤盐分的空间分布因地势不同而有区别;沿4条河流灌溉区土壤盐渍化类型的主要成分为硫酸盐渍土;以河水灌溉为主土壤质量不及以坎儿井水灌溉为主的土壤质量。

In this paper,the soil samples of the irrigation areas of farmland of Turpan city＇s four major rivers（ Daheyan river,Tallang river,Mines ditch and Black ditch） were collected,their soil total salt,the salt,the conductivity,main ion content and soil nutrient were measured,and the soil salinization types,degree and the different spaces of soil salinity in every river were comparatively analyzed,their relationship between soil salt content and main ion was determined,and the effects of different irrigation waters on soil nutrient compositions were studied. The results showed that part of the soils in the study areas had the tendency of salinization,and the trend of soil secondary salinization was comparatively higher,which had a close relationship with the soil salinity level of the ions（ CO3-,HCO3-,SO2-4,Cl-,Ca2 ＋,Mg2 ＋,Na＋,K＋）. The spatial distribution of soil salt was different with different terrain. Along the four rivers the main ingredients of irrigated soil salinization types were sulfate saline soils. The Karez irrigation soil nutrient content was better than that of the given priority of river＇s.