山茶种质资源主要表型的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Camellia Germplasm Resources

为加强山茶种质资源的研究利用,对保存的51份种质资源的11个质量性状与11个数量性状进行聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明:供试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性。多样性指数最高的是叶长,其次是雄蕊长度、花瓣长和叶柄长度;性状变异系数最大的是花柄长度,其次是果径和叶柄长度,最小的为花瓣数量。基于各种资源形态性状的遗传差异,把51份山茶聚类并划分为3大类群。第Ⅰ类为花色艳丽、大花的亲本材料,第Ⅱ类为香花或小花型山茶的亲本材料,第Ⅲ类为黄色花或花、叶某一部分具有奇特观赏性状的亲本材料。22个农艺性状的主成分分析结果表明,前7个主成分累计贡献率达79.891%,第1主成分反映花的观赏性,第2主成分反映叶的观赏性,第3成分反映叶和果实。研究结果表明,供试山茶种质资源的变异较大,遗传较丰富。

To assess genetic diversity of germplasm resource was very important for breeding of new varieties. In this study,11 qualitative traits and 11 quantitative traits of 51 original camellia varieties were assessed by the cluster analysis and the principal components analysis.The results showed that there were a lot of genetic diversity in tested materials. The diversity index of the leaf length was the highest,then stamen length,petal length and petiole length. The coefficient variation of flower stalk length was the highest,then fruit diameter and petiole length,while petal number was the lowest. By data obtained,51 original varieties could be divided into 3 groups. The first group was parents of progenies with brilliant and big flowers,the second group was parents of progenies with fragrant and small flowers,and the third group was parents of progenies with yellow flowers or vagarious ornamental organs. The principal components analysis of 22 traits showed that the principal components of top seven traits accounted for 79. 891 % of all principal components,the first one was the ornamentals of flower,the second was the ornamentals of leaf,and the third was the traits of leaf and fruit. It was concluded that the germplasm resources of camellia would be useful for breeding of new varieties with abound diversity.