粗糙马尾杉的驯化栽培

Acclimating cultivation technology for Phlemariurus squarrosous

【目的】探索粗糙马尾杉人工栽培的可能性，为其持续开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】将野外收集的粗糙马尾杉种质资源种植于简易大棚内，分析不同栽培基质、光照和施肥方式对其生长的影响。【结果】在木糠、松树皮、椰糠、泥炭土4种栽培基质中，以疏松透气、保水性好、具有一定营养成分的泥炭土的栽培效果较优，有利于茎的生长伸长，茎和茎粗生长量均显著高于其他3种栽培基质（P〈0．05），分别为6．1cm和6．2nllTl，新抽生茎数为3．6条。在自然光照、遮光率30％遮阳网、遮光率70％遮阳网条件下，以70％遮光率处理最适宜粗糙马尾杉植株生长，其茎生长量、茎粗和新生茎数均最佳，分别为6．6cm、7．5mm和3．5条；而太阳光直照下可引起植株叶片枯死或全株死亡。适当施用MS无机营养液或1％氮磷钾复合肥液均可明显促进粗糙马尾杉植株生长，叶面喷施效果优于根施；其中以5xMS溶液叶片喷施效果最佳，其茎生长量、茎粗和新抽生茎数均高于其他3个处理，分别增加O．8～3．6cm、0．4～1．0mm和0．3～1．7条。【结论】有利于粗糙马尾杉驯化生长的适宜条件为：以泥炭土为基质并在70％遮光率的遮阳网大棚内进行盆栽。

[Objective]The possibility of artificial cultivation for Phlemariurus squarrosous was explored in the present study in order to provide references for its sustainable development and utilization. [ Method ]The wild resources of P. squarrosous were collected and planted in sample greenhouse to investigate their growing performances by using different treatments of cultivating substrate, illumination intensity, fertilizing methods. [ Result ]As to four cultivating substrates viz., wood chaff, pine bark, coconut chaff and peat soil, the peat soil presented better effects on cultivating P. squar- rosous being ventilation, better water-retaining property, more nutritional ingredient; peat soil was found to be suitable for stem growth, the increment （6.1 cm） and diameter （6.2 mm） of branches were significantly higher than the other treat- ments, and the new growing branches were 3.6. Under three illumination intensity treatments of natural illumination, 30% of shading and 70O/o of shading, the growth of P. squarrosous was found to be better under 70% of shading, the increment and diameter of branches and new growing branches were the highest as 6.6 cm, 7.5 mm and 3.5. The plants presented leaves dying or whole dying under natural illumination. By leaf spraying or root watering with 5xMS solution or 1% solution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, all the plants were found to grow well, especially for leaf spraying treatments. The growth increment and diameter of branches, and new growing branches were found to be the highest when sprayed 5xMS solution on leaves, which increased by 0.8-3.6 cm, 0.4-1.0 mm and 0.3-1.7, respectively. [ Conclusion ] The suitable condition for growth of P. squarrosous in sunshade net greenhouse were as follows： peat soil as pot cultivating substrate and 70% of shading.