我国产业劳动力配置扭曲及其因素分解:1978—2013

Labor Allocation Distortion of Different Industries and Its Relationship with Inter Labor Market and Wage Gap: 1978—2013

1978—2013年,我国产业综合劳动力配置扭曲程度呈波浪式发展、变化不大;非农业部门的劳动力扭曲程度呈增长态势,并且2010年后整体影响明显增强;农业与非农业间的劳动力扭曲程度则呈现明显下降的趋势,但长期来看是导致产业综合劳动力配置扭曲的主要因素。从劳动力配置扭曲贡献因素来看,工资差异直接导致了产业间的劳动力配置扭曲,产业的内部劳动力市场扭曲总体加剧了劳动力配置扭曲。从省际来看,各省产业综合劳动力配置扭曲程度的均值存在下降的趋势,各省的非农业、农业与非农业间的劳动力配置扭曲程度的均值走势与全国一致,在省际存在不断扩大的劳动力配置扭曲。

From 1987 to 2013,the distortion curve of labor allocation showed little change and remained the same as before. While labor allocation distortion in non-agricultural fields increased,the difference of labor allocation distortion between non-agricultural and agricultural fields decreased significantly as a major cause of industry labor allocation distortion. The former has begun to increase since 2010. Wage differences between various industries reflect the distorted allocation of labor resources among departments,while distortions of labor market within the industry contributes to the labor resources distortions in general. The distortions caused by wage differences is high but has begun to decline; labor distortions in the first and third industries are not high,having increased since 2005; however,there is a high degree of distortion and a downward trend in the secondary industry. The general provincial labor distortions have a downward trend,and the distortions of non-agriculture and agriculture are in line with the national distortion curve while inter-provincial distortion tends to increase. The mean distortions in the three industries of provinces are belowthat of the state,but the mean wage distortions of provinces have been above that of the state since 2005. Besides,distributions of degree of distortion in provinces are governed by certain rules in accordance with regional differences.