介电弹性体材料研究现状综述

Review of current research for dielectric elastomer materials

针对目前介电弹性体材料的相关研究进展及存在的问题,在分析介电弹性体特性的基础上,根据其不同种类,研究了硅橡胶、聚氨酯、丙烯酸等材料及复合材料的性质及制备方法;根据介电弹性体的不同用途,分析了近些年其在发电、仿生学、生物医学、光学器件、微系统、航天航空方面的具体应用及其未来发展趋势,并总结了介电弹性体在未来应用中存在薄膜制备、柔性电极材料覆盖绝缘、偏置高压电源限制、降低能量损耗和提高机电转换效率等相关问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的建议及未来发展思路。研究结果表明,介电弹性体具有很广阔的应用前景,但是目前还存在很多技术难点,在弹性体基体材料构成、柔性电极材料优化、自偏置发电、效率优化等方面还要进行更为深入的研究。

Aiming at the relevant research advancing and the existing problems of dielectric elastomer material, the performance of dielectric elastomers fundamentally were analyzed. The property and preparation methods of materials and composite materials such as silicone rubber, polyurethane, acroleic acid and so on were studied according to their different types. The concrete application and future trend of development about power generation, bionics, biomedicine, optical devices, micro systems, aerospace aviation in recent years were analyzed according to the different applications of dielectric elastomer. The related issues of dielectric elastomer in the future applications about the preparation of thin film, the covering insulation of flexible electrode material, the limitation of bias high voltage source, the decrease of energy loss and the increase of electromechanical conversion efficiency were summarized. Some corresponding suggestions and ideas for future development aiming at the above problems were proposed. The results indicate that the dielectric elastomer has broad application prospect, but there are still many technical difficulties, and it shall be deeply studied in the aspects of the material composition of elastomer matrix, the material optimization of flexible electrode, the self-filling for power generation and the efficiency optimization and so on.