新型低树脂基摩擦材料的优化设计及性能研究

Research on Properties and Optimization Design of Low Content Resin Friction Materials

为获得制动性能良好、低噪声的摩擦材料配方,采用低树脂设计摩擦材料,并通过正交试验法,对摩擦材料配方进行优化设计。利用定速试验机和压缩试验机等测量摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能和机械性能,研究配方中各组分对摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察摩擦材料磨损后的表面形貌,以研究其磨损机制。结果表明,鳞片石墨对摩擦因数影响最大,焦炭对磨损率影响最大;树脂含量的变化能改变摩擦材料的磨损机制,树脂含量增加使摩擦材料的磨损机制由疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损转变为单一的磨粒磨损,过量的树脂使得磨损形式转变为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。树脂含量较高会在摩擦表面形成致密碳化层,摩擦界面形成气垫膜,导致热衰退,而低树脂摩擦材料气孔率较高,摩擦表面光洁,摩擦因数平稳。

To get a friction material formula with good brake performance and low noise, the friction material adopting low resin content was designed, and the formula was optimized, through orthogonal experimental design. The friction and wear property and mechanical property of the friction material were tested by constant speed friction test machine and compression feature testing machine. The influence of different component in the formula on friction and wear property was explored, and the surface topography of the friction material after wear was observed through SEM to study the wear mechanism. The results show that crystalline flake graphite influences friction coefficient most, coke influences wear rate most. The change of resin content will change the wear mechanism of friction materials.The wear mechanism is changed from fatigue wear and abrasive wear into single abrasive wear along with the increasing of resin content, and the wear pattern is changed into adhesive wear and abrasive wear for the friction material with too much resin content. High resin content will lead heat fading due to the formation of a dense carbide layer in friction surface and the formation of air cushion film in friction interface. Low resin friction materials have higher porosity with a bright and clean surface and stable friction coefficient.