地理学视角下的集体记忆研究综述

A REVIEW OF STUDIES ON COLLECTIVE MEMORY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GEOGRAPHY

集体记忆植根于人、空间(地方、景观)、时间,是地理学研究人地关系的重要视角与手段。本文从理论渊源、研究内容、方法等对国内外相关文献进行梳理,提出地理学视角下的集体记忆研究框架。研究立足于集体记忆主体、载体和机制三方面,以空间、地方、景观、仪式、旅游等为主要研究对象,关注现象背后的政治性、竞争—协商性以及利益主体,个案研究为主,案例类型较为丰富,方法上定性为主,鲜有定量研究及相关模型构建。相比国外研究热潮与成果,国内研究仍处于萌芽起步与概念引入阶段,未来可拓展集体记忆载体形式的研究,深化集体记忆机制即人地关系层面,加强实证与量化方法应用。

Accompanying with trend of ＂memory wave＂ and ＂memory craze＂, collective memory is becoming one of the burgeoning research topics in the field of humanities and social sciences. Space, landscapes and rituals can arouse personal memory, meanwhile, one can construct the psychological place and form place meaning, place identity and place attachment through memory. Those processes also make influences on the real place protection and construction, such as historical heritage and cultural landscape constructions, and city renewal and reconstruction. Through the literature research of collective memory on the perspective of geography domestic（papers from CNKI）and foreign（papers from SCI,SSCI and Pro Quest）, a review and comments were made mainly from the aspects of the theoretical origin, research contents, method etc. And a research framework and further direction were put forward for better understanding and using the theory. In general, the studies of collective memory mainly focus on three parts： people, memory carrier and the memory mechanism, trying to explore the features of collective memory in the tangible and intangible aspects of space, place, landscape, ritual, and tourism etc. and revealing the complex mechanism behind the phenomenon of collective memory, such as the politics, competition-negotiation, and the power difference. Research methods are various, among which most are the qualitative methods mainly through way of typical case studies, very few using quantitative research. Compared with the upsurge researches and plentiful achievements abroad, the domestic research is on a start- up, and the process of theory introducing. Hence, drawing upon the foreign researches, to promote the theory localization and the relevant research in China is particularly important.