经济学视野下的中国城市空间扩展

STUDY ON CHINA'S URBAN SPATIAL GROWTH IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMICS

城市空间扩展是城市经济学和城市地理学研究领域的重要课题。改革开放之后,随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的推进,中国城市的空间范围也迅速扩展。近年来关于中国城市空间对外扩展的研究成果日益增多,但现有的实证分析和理论模型,并没有揭示中国城市空间快速扩展的独特因素及其根本动力,特别是忽略了地方政府在其中发挥的关键性作用。本文以城市经济学相关理论模型为基础,结合中国体制背景,构建一个以地方政府为核心的城市经济模型,并运用该模型对中国城市空间扩展及其相关问题进行分析,认为地方政府在中国农地非农化及其土地开发中发挥决定性的作用,现实农业土地租金较低推动了城市空间的额外扩展,外部性收益使得地方政府零地价出让土地仍然有利可图,诸如铁路及其站点建设等外部条件冲击推动城市以蛙跳(飞地)方式对外扩展。

Along with global urbanization, urban spatial growth has become a hot field in the research of urban development, in which is derived from different schools, such as neo- classical urban economics, new economic geography and neo-Marxist geography. Since reform and opening-up, urban spatial area in China has grown fast with the rapid development of economy and urbanization, which increasingly arouses the attention of economists and geographers of China. In recent years, there are more and more articles focusing on China＇s urban spatial growth with the application of foreign theoretical models. Existing theoretical models and empirical analysis, however, do not reveal the unique and fundamental power factor which promotes the rapid growth of China＇s urban space, especially ignoring the key role of local governments which is the unique phenomenon during the rapid process of urbanization in China. In the context of an urban-rural dual structure of the land market, the local governments, especially the city governments, play a decisive role in the process of urban land development and urban spatial growth. Based on the involved theoretical model of urban economics, this research attempts to conceive an urban economics model introducing the key role of local governments in order to analyze the China＇s urban spatial growth and interrelated issues.