工程风险感知及其伦理启示探析

Perception of Engineering Risk and Its Implications to Ethics

工程风险具有客观实在性和主观建构性。不同工程主体对同一工程风险的感知具有差异性,且工程主体的风险感知具有变动性。工程主体因风险性质、风险熟悉程度和风险灾难性程度、风险的不可预测性、不可控性等风险的客观因素,以及主体的风险知识、风险态度、风险认知策略等主观因素导致风险感知差异。因此,要想消除或者缩减风险感知差异,就要从工程师的主体责任伦理、不同工程认知主体间的风险沟通伦理,以及社会稳定评估中的决策伦理等多维视角着手,才能对风险进行合理评估和有效的规避与控制。

Engineering risks are of objective reality and subjective construction.Different engineering subjects may have varied risk perceptions of the same engineering risk.Furthermore,their risk perceptions are susceptible to change due to such objective factors as risk nature,risk familiarity and disaster degree,risk unpredictability and uncontrollability,and such subjective factors as engineering subjects＇risk knowledge,attitudes and cognitive strategies.Therefore,in order to eliminate or reduce risk perception differences,such perspectives should be taken as engineers＇subject responsibility ethics,risk communication ethics among different engineering subjects and decision-making ethics of social stability assessment so as to evaluate risks reasonably and avoid or control risks effectively.