新疆猪毛菜属17种C_4植物叶片和子叶的解剖结构研究

Anatomical Study of Leaves and Cotyledons of 17 C_4 Species from Genus Salsola( Chenopodiaceae) in Xinjiang

通过对藜科猪毛菜属17种C4植物的叶片和子叶的解剖学研究,共得到2种叶片的解剖结构类型,Salsoloid具有皮下组织型(SALS+H型)和Salsoloid不具有皮下组织型(SALS-H型);4种子叶的解剖结构类型分别是C3-异面叶型(C3-DV型)、Atriplicoid且具有皮下组织型(ATR+H型)、SALS+H型和SALS-H型。同一种植物子叶和叶片的解剖结构类型并不完全一致,分为2大类。一类是子叶和叶片都是C4型解剖结构,包括叶片SALS+H型/子叶ATR+H型、叶片SALS+H型/子叶SALS+H型和叶片SALS-H型/子叶SALS-H型;另一类是叶片具有C4型解剖结构,子叶具有C3型解剖结构,包括叶片SALS+H型/子叶C3-DV型和叶片SALS-H型/子叶C3-DV型。同组植物子叶和叶片的解剖结构类型具有一定的规律性,不同组之间植物光合器官的解剖结构类型存在较大的差异,这些差异性与植物生活型、地理分布没有关系。

Anatomical type of leaves and cotyledons of 17 kinds of C_4 species from the genus Salsola（ Chenopodiaceae） were observed. The results were as follows： there are two leaf anatomical types including Salsoloid with hypodermis（ SALS ＋ H） and Salsoloid without hypodermis（ SALS-H）,and four cotyledon anatomical types including C_3-dorsoventral mesophyll（ C_3-DV）,Atriplicoid with hypodermis（ ATR ＋ H）,SALS ＋ H and SALS-H.Anatomical types of leaf and cotyledon for the same species are not always consistent,which could be divided into two kinds. One is cotyledon and leaf have the C_4 anatomical structure,including leaf with SALS ＋ H type / cotyledon with ATR ＋ H type,leaf with SALS ＋ H type / cotyledon with SALS ＋ H type,and leaf with SALS-H type / cotyledon with SALS-H type. The other kind is leaf with C_4 anatomical structure,while cotyledon with C_3 anatomical type,including leaf with SALS ＋ H type / cotyledon with C_3-DV type,and leaf with SALS-H type / cotyledon with C_3-DV type. Leaves and cotyledons of the species belonging to the same section of Salsola show regularity in a sense. For the species from the different sections,their anatomical types of leaves and cotyledons have some difference. And this difference has no direct relationship with their life forms and geographical distributions. To sum up,Chenopodiaceous Salsola belong to C_4 plants formed in the long-term evolution of various photosynthetic organs and anatomical structure,which makes them survive extreme arid environment such as high temperature,strong light and drought.