七种养殖淡水鱼类肌肉营养组成及对比研究

Analysis and evaluation of the nutritional composition in seven cultured fresh water fishes

本文采用国家标准方法分析了我国常见的七种淡水养殖鱼类肌肉中的水分、灰分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养成分。七种鱼的水分含量范围在74.7%～80.5%;草鱼肌肉中蛋白质最高为20.5%;乌鳢肌肉中灰分含量最高为1.4%;鲫鱼的粗脂肪含量最高11.9%。七种淡水鱼氨基酸总量在15.4%～16.8%（鲜重计）;它们的必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值（WEAA/WTAA）在40.45%～43.5%之间,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值（WEAA/WNEAA）为在86.8%～94.2%之间,它们的第一限制性氨基酸都是Met＋Cys,其中鳜鱼的EEAI值最高,达85.8,最理想的均衡补充氨基酸的营养食品。在七种鱼中鲫鱼肌肉中脂肪酸总量最高达3.79%;其EPA和DHA的含量也达到最高,分别为0.01%和0.16%;鳊鱼肌肉中亚油酸：亚麻酸值达到了6.3,最接近中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量均衡比例。本文为常见淡水经济鱼种的养殖和加工利用提供基础资料。

The nutritional compositions in muscle of seven fresh water cultured fishes,such as moisture,ash,crude protein,lipid,amino acids and fatty acids,were determined by national standard methods.The results showed that the moisture was between 74.7% ~ 80.5%. The most contents of crude protein,ash and lipid were 20.5%（ Ctenopharyngodon idella）,1.4%（ Ophiocephalus argus Cantor） and 11.9%（ Carassius auratus）,respectively.The total content of amino acids were between 15.4% and 16.8%（ fresh weight）; the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids（ W_（EAA） / W_（TAA）） were between 40.4% and 43.5%（ fresh weight）; the ratio of essential amino acids to non- essential amino acids（ W_（EAA）/ W_（NEAA）） were between 86.8% and 94.2%（ fresh weight）.The first limiting amino acids of the seven fishes were all Met ＋ Cys. The most of EEAI of Siniperca chuatsiwas 85.8,and was the best nutritional foods for supplementing amino acid balancedly.The highest nutrition value of fatty acids was Carassius auratus,the total fatty acids,EPA and DHA of which were 3.79%,0.01% and 0.16%,respectively. The ratio of Linolenic acid was 6.3,which was the nearest to the dietary reference intakes for Chinese.This paper can give some basic data for the culturing and processing fresh water fishes