玉米储藏过程中生理代谢与品质变化机理研究进展

Research progress in the mechanism of physiological metabolism and quality changes in corn during storage

玉米是最重要的储粮品种之一。随着粮库玉米存量不断增长,研究储藏过程中玉米生理代谢与品质变化机理和相关指标的变化规律,确保玉米的品质和安全储藏显得尤为重要。玉米的品质在储藏期间更会受到温度、湿度和气候变化等储藏条件的影响。玉米原始含水量对玉米粒和营养成分的影响显著,原始含水量越大,霉变程度越大,呼吸作用越强,脂肪和淀粉含量降低越快。玉米脂质由于呼吸和水解酶的作用,生成大量游离脂肪酸,脂质又是细胞膜的组分,细胞膜也会因氧化而被破坏,导致细胞生理活动紊乱。本文综述了玉米储藏期间生理代谢、营养成分变化机理、理化特性以及主要生物有害物变化规律,以期通过储藏前和储藏过程中品质指标的检测来判别其玉米储藏后品质劣变。

Corn is one of the most important crops,and with the corn production growing,the corn reserves has been increasing in recent years. It is particularly important for protecting corn quality to study fully mechanism in corn physiological metabolism and quality changes during storage as well as change rules of related indicators.Quality of corn can be affected by storage conditions,including temperature,humidity,and climate changes,and the degree of corn deterioration can be detected by relative indicators during storage. Corn original moisture content has an great effect on corn kernels respiratory intensity and nutrients,and the greater original moisture content,the greater degree of mildew and the stronger the respiration,then more fat and starch content reduced more quickly.Corn lipids produce large amounts of free fatty acids due to respiration and hydrolytic enzymes,lipids is a component of the cell membrane,the membrane will be destroyed due to oxidation,leading to cell physiological disorder.This paper mainly focused on the research progress on corn physiological metabolism,corn nutrition changes,corn physicochemical properties changes as well as biological pests changes during storage.