唯物主义历史观视野中的“资本”

“Capital”in View of the Materialist Conception of History

在马克思的历史观与资本观的视野中,资本是人类社会历史发展到一定阶段的产物,是私有制社会最为发达的一种生产关系。在唯物主义历史观看来,"资本不是物,而是一定的、社会的、属于一定历史社会形态的生产关系,它体现在一个物上,并赋予这个物以特有的社会性质。"这个一定历史社会形态的生产关系,指的就是资产阶级的生产关系或资本主义社会的生产关系。在资本主义社会中,资本是"普照的光",是资本主义社会支配一切的经济权力。资本虽不是物,但其作为一种生产关系,作为一种社会力量,需要通过物来借以展现,资本借以展现的物就是"积累起来的劳动"。对于资本而言,我们既不能忽视其阶级属性,但也不能忽视其社会历史地位及其在社会历史发展中所起到的进步作用。在社会主义市场经济中,对于资本的认识与把握,我们要居于我国当前的社会现实状况,要历史地辩证地客观地看待资本在社会主义市场经济中的地位与作用。马克思的资本观,在当代虽然得到了一定的发展,但也面临着不少挑战,这种挑战既有理论层面的,也有实践层面的,这些挑战给马克思的资本观以及构建在其资本观上的政治经济学与科学社会主义理论造成了巨大的冲击。

In view of Marx's view of history and concept of capital,the capital is the outcome of history of human society developing to a certain stage,and the most advanced production re-lations in private ownership society.In the materialist historical view,capital is embodied in a thing,and gives this thing to the unique nature of society.The production relations of certain historical social forms,refers to the relations of production bourgeois or the production relations of capitalist society.In capitalist society,capital is an overarching economic power in the capitalist society.For capital,we cannot ignore its class attribute,nor ignore its status in the social history and progress of the role in the development of social history.In the socialist market economy,to understand and grasp the capital,we must base on our current social reality,to historically,dialectically,objectively treat the status and role of capital in the socialist market economy.Marx's concept of capital is facing many challenges,both theoretical and practice,which have caused a huge impact on the capital concept of Marx and political economics and scientific socialism theory built on his capital view.