基于产权约束的基层养老服务资源优化配置研究

Optimal Allocation of the Basic Level Service Resources for the Aged on Property Right Constraint

根据巴泽尔的产权理论,进入"公共领域"的养老服务资源产权存在着属性上的分裂,资源价值(租)被各类潜在寻租者不断获得、保持或放弃,要优化产权结构,需要进行适度的产权约束。产权约束条件有三类:成本-收益约束、非市场性约束和强制的排他性约束。但这些条件并不能在传统的"垂直型—封闭性"科层制度中产生,这也是我国当前基层养老服务资源配置呈现服务主体离散、服务项目离散和服务信息离散的制度根源。作为对科层结构的修正和完善,网格化城市社区管理体制提供了"扁平化-开放式"公权构架,通过搭建的四级网格责任体系和三层网格的管理组织结构,实现基层养老服务资源在网格上的职能共享和功能叠加,使"自上而下"的行政力量与"自下而上"的社会自治力量实现信息化式结合,为适度界定产权提供了有力的约束条件,优化了产权结构,推进了基层养老服务体系建设的步伐。

According to Barzel＇s property rights theory,the property right attributes of old-age service resources in ＂public area＂are split,and the resource value is being acquired,remained or given up by rentseekers,so it needs moderate constraint. There are three kinds of constraints： cost-benefit constraints,nonmarketing constraints and compulsory and exclusive constraints. But those do not exist in traditional hierarchy system,and which is the basic reason that the basic resource distribution pattern in China is discrete,including dispersed of service＇s principal part,project and information. As a contrast,the grid city＇s community management system provides ＂flat-open＂public rights framework,and the service resources for the aged can share the overlay functions by four-level grid responsibility system and three-layer grid management system,thus,administrative power and social self-government power can be combined. So that it can constraint and clarify property rights,and impel the construction of the basic social old-age service system.