论开放的构成要件理论的司法适用

The Judicial Application of the“Offen Tatbestnde”Theory

开放的构成要件因欠缺违法的推定机能,并且其范围不易被确定,而被大多数学者所诟病。然而,不应全盘否定开放的构成要件理论的价值,因为在司法过程中合理运用开放的构成要件理论,可以使法官充分发挥自由裁量权,甚至在一定程度上遏制"两高"颁布司法解释的数量,对维护罪刑法定原则有着积极的促进作用。应将开放的构成要件视作"在构成要件之内的违法性补充要素",而非"在构成要件之外积极寻找其他违法性要素",唯此才可解决该理论在我国司法中的适用问题。在此基础上,应借用类型思维的方法来确定开放的构成要件的范围,以此在刑事司法中确立非典型指导案例体系。

Most scholars were criticized for＂offen tatbestnde＂theory because of the lack of the function of putative illegal and its scope is not easy to be defined.However,＂Offen tatbestnde＂theory makes the judge fully perform the jurisdiction of criminal actions,even to reduce quantity of judicial interpretation,which has positive significance for the principle of legality.The article deems the＂offen tatbestnde＂theory as＂the counterpart of tatbestand＂rather than ＂the illegality element outside tatbestand＂.Therefore,using typology thinking method to define the boundary of＂offen tatbestnde＂in order to establish a system of atypical guiding-cases is strongly suggested.