民国学人对春秋战国时期国家间政治思想的诠释

The Analogy and Interpretation to the Pre-Qin Chinese Thoughts on Foreign Relations in the Republican Period

中国春秋战国时期国家间思想日益受到当代国际关系学者的关注,成为丰富国际关系理论、深化国际政治认识和指导现实政策的重要思想资源。实际上,早在20世纪初民国时期中国学人便开始自觉或不自觉地将春秋战国思想利用和借鉴到国际政治领域。作者通过民国时期的学术著作、日记、报刊、同人杂志等资料,分析民国学人为何与如何借鉴春秋战国时期国家间政治思想。首先,民国学人继承并发展了晚清士大夫以春秋战国比附近代国际局势的认识。春秋战国体系和近代国际体系中无政府结构的共性成为民国学人借鉴春秋战国思想的现实基础。其次,民国学人以春秋战国时期思想诠释20世纪初西方理想主义国际政治理论、以先秦思想重构国际法及其精神和以春秋战国时期思想为中国寻求现实主义权力政治的生存之道三个案例,可以说明民族危机的时代语境、西方国际政治思潮和本土传统文化自觉三者如何影响民国学人借鉴春秋战国国家间政治思想。

Contemporary Chinese scholars specializing in international studies are paying more and more attention to the thoughts of foreign relations during the Spring&Autumn and Warring States period in ancient China,which are gradually being regarded as significant ideational resources to enrich IR theories,deepen our understanding to international politics and guide for the policy making.In fact,Chinese scholars began to apply these thoughts to international studies in the early 20 th century.This paper studies why and how Chinese scholars in the Republican Period took advantage of the pre-Qin thoughts of foreign relations by analyzing their academic works,diaries,journals and coterie magazines.Chinese scholars in the early 20 th century compared the modern international system to the China's Warring States period because of the similarity of anarchic structure,which is the realistic foundation for scholars in the Republic of China to utilize the pre-Qin thoughts on foreign relations.The essay takes three cases as follows;scholars' applying the pre-Qin thoughts of foreign relations to the idealism theories of western international politics in 20 th century,scholars' applying the pre-Qin thoughts to reconstruct the conception of international law,and scholars' applying the thoughts of foreign relations during the Spring& Autumn and Warring States period to seek the way of survival for China's realpolitik diplomatic policies.It elaborated how the context of Chinese national crises,the western theories of International Politics and Chinese traditional philosophy and history exerted an influence on the process of scholars' utilizing the pre-Qin thoughts on foreign relations in the Republic of China.