居民收入省际差距合理性的多维实证分析

A Multi-dimensional Empirical Analysis of the Rationality of the Inter Provincial Disparity of Residents' Income

从形式合理性与实质合理性、经济合理性与社会合理性多维度综合考察地区之间居民收入差距，以基尼系数和高低收入指数为基础，引入二元离散系数比值和收入效率错配度两项指标，构建了衡量和判别地区之间居民收入差距合理性的综合计量模型，并利用中国31个省份2005～2013年的统计数据进行了实证分析。结果表明，二元离散系数比值逐年扩大，收入效率错配度历年都在80％以上，省际居民收入差距质态基本不合理，收入效率错配较之于收入差距过大问题的性质要严重得多；省际分配管控制度缺位，均衡调节失当，是导致省际居民收入差距与经济差距常现背道而驰的根本原因。优化省域间居民收入差距的着重点并非进一步缩小基尼系数，而是解决收入效率严重错配和高低收入差距过大问题。

This article seeks to examine the income gap between residents in different regions from the multi-dimensions of formal rationality, substantive rationality, economic rationality and social rationality. Based on the Gini coefficient and high and low income inedx, it introduces two indicators of the discrete coeffcient ratio and income efficiency mismatch to construct comprehensive econometric model of measuring and judging rationality of income gap between regions. It employs statistical data from 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2013 to do empirical analysis. The results show that, discrete coefficient ratio has expanded each year, income efficiency mismatch is more than 80% every year; provincial income gap sub- stantially is unreasonable; income efficiency mismatch is more serious in nature than the income gap. They also indicate that, lack of control of inter-provincial distribution and unbalanced regulation are underlying reasons for inter-provincial income gap and the abnormal eco- nomic gap. Optimization of the income gap between provincial residents is not further reducing the Gini coefficient, but to solve serious income efficiency mismatch and big gap between income.