体细胞重编程研究进展

Review of Somatic Cell Reprogramming

多细胞生物个体的分化细胞均通过一系列动态调控机制维持其稳态,不同类型分化细胞之间的转化在自然条件下不会自发发生.通过实验手段可以逆转细胞分化的进程使之改变状态,从一种基因表达谱转换成另一套表达谱,从而实现细胞类型的转化也即重编程.目前已知可以通过4种不同途径,即核移植、细胞融合、胞质孵育及诱导多能干细胞,将终末分化的体细胞重编程为类胚胎干细胞的多能性干细胞状态,而后者具有发育成为动物个体所有细胞的能力.由于细胞重编程的过程能够将细胞命运逆转成为具有再生能力干细胞的状态,因此,这一领域的系列发现为再生医学、疾病个体化治疗及药物筛选提供了巨大的前景.

Every single differentiated cell situates at a stable and potentially irreversible state through a series of dynamic regulatory mechanisms.Transdifferentiation from one kind of differentiated cells to another can never occur under natural condition.However,the highly stable,differentiated state of somatic cells can be experimentally reversed reflecting in gene expression from one cell type to an unrelated type,which is called reprogramming.Reprogramming has been achieved by nuclear transfer to eggs,cell fusion,incubation with ooplasmic,and overexpression of pluripotency transcription factors,by which somatic cells would achieve a pluripotent state similar to that of embryonic stem cell,which can be differentiated into all kind of cell types.Reprogramming is a bridge connecting differentiated somatic cells and the regeneration capacity of stem cells,thus it makes a great prospect for regenerative medicine,individualized disease treatment,and drug screening.