造血干细胞发育的分子机制

Molecular Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development

造血干细胞是一群具有自我更新及分化能力的多能干细胞,可以分化为所有类型的成熟血细胞.造血干细胞的发育过程受到多种转录因子及信号通路的精密调控,任何调控失衡都将导致严重的发育缺陷或者重大疾病.本文系统总结了脊椎动物(小鼠及斑马鱼)造血干细胞发育过程中发挥关键作用的信号通路及转录因子,不仅有助于理解造血干细胞发生的分子机制,而且对完善调控网络以及促进基础向临床转化具有一定的理论指导意义.

Hematopoietic stem cells（HSCs）are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all lineages of blood including erythroid,myeloid and lymphoid lineages.In vertebrates,the earliest HSCs are derived from a subset of endothelial cells in the ventral wall of dorsal aorta,via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition process during embryogenesis.The emergence and maintenance of HSCs is tightly orchestrated by a complex of transcription factors and signaling pathways.Dysregulation of this process will lead to developmental hematopoiesis defects or severe diseases such as leukemia and anemia.This review summarizes recent advances on the roles of key regulatory factors during HSC development in vertebrates（including zebrafish and mouse models）.We hope that this review not only can help better understand molecular mechanisms of HSC biology,but also can provide useful insights into regenerative medicine.