向日葵施用缓释尿素的效果及氮磷钾施肥效应研究

The study of Controlled Release Urea(CRU) application effect and fertilizer efficiency of N P K

为了掌握向日葵施肥效应及施用缓释尿素的效果,在巴彦淖尔市五原县和赤峰市开展了食用向日葵田间肥料试验。研究结果表明,向日葵施用氮磷钾化肥均有增产效果,增产效果为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥。向日葵施用缓释尿素具有显著的增产效果,在河套灌区向日葵基施缓释尿素比普通尿素基施配合追施增产0.7个百分点,在燕山丘陵旱作区施用缓释尿素比普通尿素基施配合追施增产5.8%,同时施用缓释尿素氮素的农学效率有所增加。向日葵施用氮肥的农学效率平均为1.89 kg/kg;施用磷肥(P2O5)的农学效率平均为2.20 kg/kg;施用钾肥(K_2O)的农学效率平均为4.00 kg/kg。采用缓释尿素一次施用可以代替普通尿素基施加追施,而且缓释尿素一次施用的肥料利用率显著提高。缓释尿素一次施用向日葵的茎粗、盘径、单盘结实数、结实率、千粒重和籽仁率都有所增加。

The sunflowers trials were conducted the fertilization effect and the Controlled Release Urea（CRU） use efficiency.The results indicated that the N, P, K application increased yield of sunflowers and yield-increasing effect was N〉K〉P. The CRU application increased sunflowers yield 0.7% in Hetao irrigated area and 5.8% in Yan Mountain semi-arid area. In addition, CRU application increased the agronomic efficiency of applied N. The agronomic efficiency of applied N, P2O5, and K2 O for sunflower were 1.89kg/kg, 2.20 kg/kg and 4.00 kg/kg respectively. The CRU could instead of the basal application and dressing of regular urea application and increased fertilizer use efficiency. CRU also increased the spear thickness, diameters of flower disc, number of seed-setting per flower disc, fruiting percentage, TKW（ Thousand Kernel Weight） and kernel of sunflowers.