四种稻属植物花粉外壁TEM的超微结构比较研究

MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON FOR POLLEN EXINE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF FOUR SPECIES FROMORYZA

谷物类花粉的准确鉴定可为农业考古研究提供微观证据,但由于禾本科植物花粉形态的高度相似性,使得栽培谷物类花粉与野生禾草类花粉难以区分。本研究对四种稻属植物(Oryza rufipogon,O.sativa,O.officinalis,O.meyeriana)的花粉外壁进行超微结构的透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察与比较,试图找出TEM下的鉴别特征。研究结果显示:普通野生稻(O.rufipogon)花粉的萌发孔盖通过急剧加厚的外壁内层与孔缘相连;水稻(O.sativa)的花粉外壁外层具有十分密集的沟槽;药用稻(O.officinalis)花粉的萌发孔盖位置相对于孔缘更加接近原生质,二者形成凹形;疣粒稻(O.meyeriana)的花粉外壁外层无沟槽。本实验作为稻属花粉种间鉴别的尝试性探究,可为考古孢粉学研究提供实用的方法学依据,是探索早期稻作农业文明的必要基础,也给区分农作物花粉与野生禾草花粉的深入研究以启示。

Accurate identification of cereals pollen is an essential methodology in Archaeopalynology. However, poor pollen morphological diversity within the family Poaeeae renders it difficult to distinguish cereal pollen grains from wild relatives. Here, we present pollen ultrastructure for 4 species from Oryza, namely O. rufipogon, O. sativa, O. of ficinalis, and O. meyeriana, using TEM technique in this paper. According to our observation, we found that. in O. rufipogon pollen, there is an acutely thickening in the parts of intexine which connect the operculum with the annulus; dense channels exist in sexine of O. sativa pollen; the position of the operculum in O. officinalis pollen is more closely to the proto- plasm than annulus; O. meyeriana pollen show no channel in sexine. Our preliminary results shed new lights on the possibility of interspecific pollen identification in the genus Oryza, as well as enlightening further investigation on the differentiating cereal pollen from wild species in Archaeopalynology.