劳动力市场扭曲与收入分配差距研究——基于城乡“二元”结构视角

Study on the Distortion of Labor Market and the Income Disparity——From the Perspective of Urban- rural “Dual Structure”

遵循Restuccia（2008）和Alvarez—Cuadrado（2011）以及盖庆恩等（2013）做法，通过将劳动力市场扭曲引入到一个标准的两部门框架中以此分析劳动力市场扭曲对收入分配差距影响的作用机理。然后，利用中国1995～2013年相关宏观数据测算出该时期全国及30个省份（西藏除外）的劳动力市场扭曲值，并得出近20年里（特别是2003年后）中国劳动力市场扭曲状况有了明显改善。接着进一步构建了一个包含控制变量的劳动力市场扭曲与收入差距的动态面板数据模型并运用广义矩估计对劳动力市场扭曲与居民收入差距之间的作用关系进行实证检验，结果表明：中国劳动力市场扭曲与居民收入差距之间确实存在着显著且稳健的负向关系，即劳动力市场扭曲值越小则居民收入差距越夫。

Following the methods of Restuccia （2008）, Alvarez - Cuadrado （2011 ） and Gai Qingen （2013）, the paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of labor market distortion on income disparity by introducing labor market distortion into a standard two - section framework. By using the macro - data of China from 1995 to 2013, the paper measures the value of labor market distortion of China and 30 provinces （except Tibet） during this period, and finds out that China＇s labor market distortion has significantly improved in the late 20 years （ especially after 2003 ）. Besides, a dynamic panel data model on labor market distortion and income gap with controlling variables is constructed, and GMM estimation method is used to empirically test the relationship between labor market distortion and income gap. Results show that a significant and robust negative relationship does exist between labor market distortion and the income gap of residents in China. That is, the smaller of the value of the labor market distortion, the greater of the income gap between individual residents.