四川省243例泌尿系结石成分及相关因素分析

Components of urinary stones and analysis of correlation factors of 243 patients in Sichuan province

目的 分析四川省泌尿系结石患者的结石成分构成及其临床意义。方法 研究对象为2014年5～12月243例泌尿系结石患者,男性153例,女性90例;年龄2月～83岁,平均（42.75±15.92）岁;肾结石184例,输尿管结石50例。采用泌尿系结石红外光自动分析仪（LIIR-20型）分析结石成分构成,采用SPSS19.0软件描述性分析相关研究指标。结果 结石构成比中,以一水、二水水草酸钙为主要成分的患者192例（79%）,无水尿酸结石12例（4.9%）,六水磷酸铵镁结石18例（7.4%）,碳酸磷灰石结石12例（4.9%）,尿酸胺、L-胱氨酸以及二水草酸钙结石分别有3例（各占1.2%）;从民族来看,汉族患者多为草酸钙类结石,藏族及彝族地区患者多为混合型和以感染为特征的六水磷酸铵镁结石;小儿患者多表现为尿酸胺及L-胱氨酸结石;从性别来看,男性草酸钙结石明显高于女性（P〈0.05）,而女性六水磷酸铵镁结石明显多于男性（P〈0.01）。结论 四川地区结石成分以草酸钙类结石为主,存在着民族、地域、年龄及性别的差异,这为针对结石成分的特点采取相应的预防和诊疗措施提供了依据。

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the components of urinary stones of patients in Sichuan province. Methods A number of 243 cases of urolithiasis treated during May and Dee. 2014 were collected, including 153 male and 90 female. The patients＇ age ranged from 2-month to 83-year old [average （42.75±15.92）years]. Kidney calculi occurred in 184 cases, and urinary tract calculi in 50 cases. All calculi were analyzed with infrared automatic analyzer （LIIR-20）. The relevant indicators were described and analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software. Results The most common components of calculi were calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dehydrate, which accounted for 192 cases （79%）. The other components were uric acid （12 eases, 4.9%）, six ammonium phosphate calculus （18 cases, 7.4%）, carbonate calculus （12 cases, 4.9%）, uric acid amine （3 cases, 4.9%）, L-cystine （3 cases, 4.9%）, and pure calcium oxalate dehydrate （3cases, 4.9%）.For Han nationality, most calculi were calcium oxalate; for Zang and Yi nationality, most calculi were mixed and six ammonium phosphate. The most common components in pediatric patients were uric acid amine and L-cystine. Calcium oxalate calculus occurred more often in male than in female （P〈0.05）, and six ammonium phosphate calculus occurred more often in female （P〈0.01）. Conclusions The major component of calculi in Sichuan province is calcium oxalate. There are differences in nationality, area, age and gender between different components. Analysis of calculus components can provide evidence for prevention and treatment for urolithiasis.