长江中游汉墓出土瓷器研究

THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PORCELAIN WARES UNEARTHED FROM THE BURIALS OF THE HAN DYNASTY IN THE MIDDLE REACH OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

长江中游处于南北和东西文化的交通枢纽，历来是多种文化汇集之地。随着瓷器的发展，两汉时期该地墓葬出现了多种器类、不同器形共存的情况。本文拟从考古类型学和文化因素分析人手，研究这些器类的来源和变化。长江中游为一文化地理概念，相对于江东（今苏南、浙江和上海）和岭南地区（今两广）而言，其范围包括今湖南、湖北和江西全境。

The porcelain wares unearthed from the burials of the Han Dynasty in the middle reach of the Yangtze River mainly included the types of ding-tripod,pou-urn,pot,jars without lugs,double-lugged jars,four-lugged jars,bowls,ou-bowls,yu-basins,washing basins and double-rimmed jars,which belonged to the cultural elements of the Lingnan region(the area to the south of the Five Ridges),the lower reach of the Yangtze River and the local-style.The categories belonging to the Lingnan cultural system are ding-tripods of Type A,pot of Types Ab,Ad and Bc,jars without lugs,double-lugged jars of Type B,four-lugged jars of Types Ab and Ba,ou-bowls of Type Ab and yu-basins of Types A and B.The diffusion of the porcelain wares of the Lingnan cultural system into the middle reach of the Yangtze River began at the mid Western Han Dynasty and was flourishing in the late Western Han through the early Eastern Han Dynasty and declined in the mid to the late Eastern Han Dynasty.The categories belonging to the lower reach of the Yangtze River cultural system are pou-urns and pots of Type Ba.The diffusion of the porcelain wares of the lower reach of the Yangtze River into the middle reach of the Yangtze River roughly began at the mid Western Han Dynasty and was flourishing in the late Western Han but rapidly declined soon after the early Eastern Han Dynasty.The porcelain wares of the local features are mainly the ding-tripods of Type B,pots of AA,AC,BBb and BBc,double-lugged jars of Type A,four-lugged jars of Types Aa,Ac and Bb,bowls,ou-bowls of Type B,washing basins and double-rimmed jars.They appeared in the mid to the late Western Han Dynasty,but down to the early Eastern Han Dynasty they were still in the simulating stage,until to the mid and late Eastern Han Dynasty when the unique local porcelain assemblage consisting of the egg-shaped jars,washing basins,double-rimmed jars and bowls formed.These three cultural elements formed the distribution pattern of the porcelain wares of the Han Dynasty in the middle reach of the Yangtze River,but this pattern was not unalterable and had obvious changes:in the mid Western Han,the cultural elements of the Lingnan region and lower reach of the Yangtze River began to enter;in the late Western Han through the early Eastern Han,the cultural elements of the lower reach of the Yangtze River almost ruled the entire middle reach of the Yangtze River and that of the Lingnan region were limited in the southern Hunan adjacent to it;in the mid and late Eastern Han,the cultural elements of the lower reach of the Yangtze River disappeared,that of the Lingnan region were still existing in the corner of southern Hunan and the local cultural elements took the governing position.The development of the porcelains in the middle reach of the Yangtze River changed the old prevailing position of the cultural elements of the Lingnan region and the lower reach of the Yangtze River and laid the foundation for the porcelain industry of Hunan and Jiangxi in the Six-Dynasties and finally formed the tripartite pattern of the porcelain industries of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Lingnan region.