“个人私利的战场”:黑格尔的市民社会道德图景

“Battle ground for personal gain”: moral landscape of Hegelian civil society

黑格尔精神现象学中的"市民社会"是精神发展的中介环节,既非真实的历史社会形态,亦非道德学意义上的完美社会,其本质上是"个人私利的战场"。市民社会所塑造的道德图景是分裂的"伦理上蜕化的景象",它将原本在"伦理世界"中统一起来的个体与实体分离开来,从而使得伦理生活方式"从实体出发"走向"集合并列",个体主义伦理、契约伦理与制度伦理等成为规范社会生活的核心价值。建基于市民社会基础上的社会伦理形态就是各种道德价值糅杂而成的混合体,彼此竞相为之提供道德基础而又互为犄角,这样拼接起来的现代性社会注定就只能是"一幅个体化了的冲突图景"。黑格尔的这一思维路径对于当下中国社会伦理形态的建构具有启发意义。

As the intermediary link of spiritual development,'civil society'in Hegel's phenomenology of spirit is nei-ther a society in history nor a morally perfect society. Rather it is by nature'a battle ground for personal gain'.Its moral landscape separates individuals from entities which could otherwise be unified in'an ethical world'.Civil-society-based social ethics is a synthesis of all moral values,which shapes the modern society and makesit'a landscape full of conflicts'. The argument here can be instructive to the construction of ethics in China.