《西游记》“六耳猕猴”意象的文化与心理学阐释

Cultural and psychological interpretations of the six-eared Macaque in Journey to the West

《西游记》中的六耳猕猴并非外在的妖魔,而是孙悟空的"心魔"。"六耳"一词在《西游记》之前的文献中已经出现,代表着第三者。在佛教中"耳"为六根、六识之一,因此"六耳"也可借代为由六根生发出来的六识,即人的欲念和妄心。从荣格心理学角度来看,真悟空代表着孙悟空的人格面具,而六耳猕猴幻化的假悟空则是孙悟空人格阴影的投射,真假猴王之战其实就是人格中面具与阴影的冲突。战胜了阴影,也就战胜了自我人格的魔性,但也代表着生命自由精神的削弱和反抗性的消失。

The six-eared Macaque in Journey to the West was not an evil spirit,but the private demon of the MonkeyKing. Found in literature even earlier than Journey to the West,'six ears'originally meant'the other person'. InBuddhism,'ear'meant desires and wild fancy. According to Jungian psychology,the Monkey King representsthe masks of the true him while the six-eared Macaque stands for the shadow of his personality. The fight be-tween the true and false Monkey King therefore is the conflict between masks and shadow. The defeat of shadowindicates the defeat of his private demon.