论汉语史上“学”“校”的音变构词

Phonological derivatives of Xue and Xiao in the history of Chinese language

普通话里,"学"没有异读,而"校"是多音多义字。历代音义文献表明,"学""校"在汉语史上均发生过音变构词,其中"学"属于变调构词,"校"属于变声构词。根据语音、意义和字形的历时变化,可以把它们大致分为两类:一类以"学"为代表,原始词和滋生词的音义形变化较大;另一类以"校"为代表,原始词和滋生词的音义形基本没变。理清汉语史上这些音变构词的演变脉络,既可以解释现代汉语多音多义字的成因,也有助于现代汉字规范化和语文辞书的编撰和修订。

Xue has no variant pronunciation in mandarin Chinese and Xiao is a polyphonic and polysemous character.In light of the diachronic changes in phonology,semantics and glyph,the phonological derivatives fall into twocategories: characters in the first category have greater changes between primary characters and their derivatives,and Xue is a case in point;those in the second category have barely any changes,with Xiao as a striking example.Tracing the changes sheds light on the causes of the polyphonic and polysemous Chinese character;it can alsohelp the standardization of Chinese and the compilation of Chinese dictionaries.