产业集群的核结构与指标体系

Industrial cluster core structure and its index system

产业集群是由产业间关联、机构间关系耦合而成的网络,是研究区域竞争力、增长和创新扩散的重要领域.集群构成要素间的关系结构是产业集群研究的关键内容,但这一领域的研究成果,特别是定量研究成果较少.本文依据产业网络理论,从产品关联层面将产业集群描述为产业部门之间的关系网络,并以此为基础定义了产业集群中的一类特殊结构——产业集群的核结构,提出了产业集群的核结构的定量指标体系,主要包括聚集系数、辐射系数和中心性系数等.计算实例表明,这一指标体系能够描述不同区域的集群结构特点,反映区域间竞争力差异,是一类利用集群结构解释竞争力的有效方法.

Inter industry linkage combines with inter agency relation to form a network, which is called industrial cluster. Industrial cluster is an important field for studying regional growth, competitiveness, and innovation diffusion. Studying the linkage structure of elements constituting the industrial cluster is of great significance. However, there are few research achievements in this field, especially the quantitative ones. Based on industrial network theory, from the perspective of product linkage, this paper describes the industrial cluster as a network among sectors, and proposes a special structure of industrial cluster, that is, the core structure of industrial cluster, then puts forward a quantitative index system of core structure of industrial cluster, including the aggregation coefficient, radiation factor and centrality coefficient etc. The practical calculation example shows that the index system can describe the characteristics of industrial cluster in different regions, reflect the differences in competitiveness among regions and is an effective method for interpreting competitiveness using industrial cluster core structure.