人单根毛发毛囊单位体外培养模型的建立

Establishment of an in vitro culture model of single human hair follicle

目的建立人单根完整毛发毛囊单位体外培养模型，并对其进行形态学和组织学观察。方法取志愿者术中所切除的正常头皮组织，显微镜下分离获取处于生长期的毛囊，置于无血清WilliamsE培养基内培养。实验共分3组，对照组：去除皮脂腺、毛囊周围全层组织的单根毛发毛囊单位；实验A组：去除皮脂腺开口以上皮肤部分，保留毛囊皮脂腺单位的单根毛发毛囊单位；实验B组：包含毛囊皮脂腺单位、毛囊周围全层组织的完整的单根毛发毛囊单位。观察不同组单根毛囊单位在体外培养模型中的成活率、毛发的生长速度、毛发的成活时间，毛囊细胞增殖能力及凋亡等。结果实验组毛囊体外培养生长良好，培养第1～14天处于生长活跃期。实验B组毛囊最长生长可达25d，在毛囊生长速度和生长时间方面实验组均优于实验A组和对照组。实验B组中毛囊皮脂腺单位、毛囊周围全层组织可明显促进毛囊细胞分裂增殖和抑制毛囊细胞凋亡。结论人单根完整毛发毛囊单位（包含表皮-毛囊-皮脂腺单位）体外培养模型是一个更优化、更接近真实体内环境的毛囊体外培养模型。

Objective To establish an in vitro culture model of single human hair follicle, and observe their morphological and histological changes. Methods Human hair follicles were isolated from the volunteer patients. After dissecting follicles into single, follicles in growth phase were cultured in Williams E without any serum. This experiment included 3 groups： single follicle without sebaceous gland and other surrounding tissue （ control group） ; single follicle with sebaceous gland and without the other surrounding tissue（ experiment group A）; single follicles with sebaceous gland and the other surrounding tissue （experiment group B）. The survival rate, survival time, growth rate, multiplication capacity and apoptosis of cultured follicles and their morphological and histological changes were observed sequentially. Results The hair follicles in experiment groups showed a better viability and a higher growth rate than those in control group. And the follicles in group B could keep growing for more than 25 days, which was longer than those in group A. Moreover, the sebaceous gland and the other surrounding tissue in group B showed great induction effect on follicle-cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. Conclusion The in vitro culture model of signal human hair follicles （single follicles including epidermis, sebaceous gland and the other surrounding tissue ） had optimized internal environment which is similar to in vivo internal environment.