护士职业获益感的认知干预研究

Cognitive intervention research of nurses' perceived professional benefit

目的探讨认知干预方案对护士职业获益感及职业倦怠的影响。方法便利选取两所规模、工资薪酬、医院环境、职业获益感水平大致相近的综合性三级甲等医院,以抛硬币法将其随机分为实验组和对照组。根据等比例原则,采用方便取样的方法,抽取A医院128名护士入实验组,B医院100名护士入对照组。实验组在常规业务学习的基础上连续4周接受每周1次的集体认知干预,主要形式包括专家授课和课堂互动式讨论;对照组连续4周参与医院组织的集中业务学习。结果干预4周后,实验组护士职业获益感总分优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001);实验组护士干预后得分均值较干预前增加8.41分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后实验组护士职业倦怠问卷的"情绪耗竭""去人格化"维度得分低于对照组,"低个人成就感"得分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于职业认知评价及"专业自我概念中介模型"构建的认知干预方案可提高护士的职业获益感水平,缓解其职业倦怠。

Objective To explore the influence of cognitive intervention program on the nurses＇ perceived profes- sional benefit and job burnout. Methods Two comprehensive third-grade class-A hospitals which had similar scale, salary,hospital environment and level of perceived professional benefit were randomly chosen as the experimental group and the control group by tossing a coin. According to the principle of proportionality,convenience sampling method was used to recruit 128 nurses into the experimental group and 100 nurses into the control group. The exper- imental group was given cognitive intervention training once a week for 4 weeks in addition to routine professional learning. Training forms mainly included lectures and interactive class discussion. The control group was given rou- tine professional learning for 4 weeks in hospital. Results After 4-week intervention,results showed that the overall score of nurses＇ perceived professional benefit in the experimental group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（P=0.001）. In the experimental group,the score of nurses＇ perceived professional benefit increased by 8.41,and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The results showed that the scores of ＂emotional exhaustion＂, ＂depersonification＂ in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group,while the score of ＂low personal accomplishment＂ was higher,and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.005）. Conclusion The cognitive intervention program based on ＂professional self-concept mediation model＂ can improve the level of nurses＇ perceived professional benefit and reduce nurses＇ job burnout.