吉林省森工林区的森林生态修复工程实践

Forest Ecological Restoration Practice in Forest Industry Area of Jilin Province

依据"近自然林业"理论和森林生态演替规律,阐述了实施森林生态修复工程的必要性,认为:森林生态修复,是提高森林生态功能的客观要求、是提高森林质量的必经之路、是推进林区经济绿色转型的有效途径、是保民生保稳定的必要措施。以吉林省湾沟林业局森林生态修复工程为例,进行了实证分析。按实验结果测算,采取森林生态修复措施,目前的森林生态系统正向演替至顶级群落至少提前100 a。通过森林生态修复工程增加林内珍贵树种比例,中幼龄林蓄积生长量可达10 m^3·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)以上,是没有经过生态修复林分生长量的2~3倍;吉林省森工林区,按照森林生态修复进行森林资源经营,以红松为主要目的树种的森林资源蓄积将达到300 m^3·hm^(-2)以上。实施森林生态修复工程,红松、胡桃楸结实期可提前5~10 a;湾沟林业局经过5~10 a的生态修复,红松、胡桃楸果仁年总产值可达到近亿元。针对吉林省森工林区现状与特点,提出了吉林省森工林区实施森林生态修复工程的建议。

After describing the necessity of forest ecological restoration engineering by close-to-nature forestry theory and iorest ecological succession law, we proposed that forest ecological restoration is the objective requirement of improving the forest ecological function, the only way to improve the forest quality, the effective way to promote economic green forests transfor- mation, and the necessary measure to protect the livelihood maintaining stability. Taking forest ecological restoration engi- neering of Wan＇ gou Forest Bureau of Jilin Province as example, we conducted the practice analysis. After forest ecological restoration engineering, the forest ecosystem positively developed to climax community by at least 100 a. By increasing the forest precious tree species, the accumulation growth of middle and young forest was above 10 m3 · hm-2 · a-1 , which is 2- 3 times of that of non-restoration. In the forest industry area of Jilin Province, according to the forest ecological restoration of forest resources management, the accumulation growth of Pinus koraiensis, which was the dominant species, was above 300 m3 ·hm-2. After forest ecological restoration engineering, the ripening period of P. koraiensis and J. mandshurica was advanced by 5- 10 a. After 5- 10-a ecological restoration, the annual nut output of P. koraiensis and J. mandshurica reached nearly one hundred million Chinese Yuan in Wan＇ gou Forest Bureau. According to the characteristics of logging situation in forest industry Area Jilin Province, we put forward the implementations for forest ecological restoration engi- neering.