热带次生林演替过程中环境因子对物种多样性的影响

Effects of Environmental Factors on Plant Diversity during Succession Processes of Tropical Secondary Forests

为了解热带森林次生演替的群落环境特征变化对植物多样性的影响,以两种不同演替阶段的热带滨海次生林群落为研究对象,采用两种非参数检验以及Kendall秩相关分析的方法,对两群落内部的环境因子及其对植物多样性、均匀度以及物种周转率的影响进行研究。结果表明:各环境因子在群落间和群落内均存在差异。在热带常绿季雨林(TEMF)、灌木林(SHR)内,光合有效辐射(PAR)对物种多样性和周转率有显著影响。在两个群落内,土壤相对湿度对物种分布均起到重要影响,对SHR中物种分布的影响更强。在TEMF中,土壤温度、坡度及坡位对物种多样性和周转率限制显著;在SHR中,空气相对湿度成为限制物种分布的主要环境因子。

In order to acquaint the effects of varying environmental factors on plant diversity during secondary succession of for- ests in tropics, our study was conducted in two types of tropical coastal forests which were called as tropical evergreen mon- soon forest （TEMF） and shrubbery （SHR）, respectively. Nine permanent plots of 50 m×50 m were established to investi- gate species composition and environmental factors. Meanwhile, two types of non-parametric tests and Kendall rank correla- tion analysis were used to study the difference of environmental factors between two communities as well as their effects on species diversity, species evenness, and species turnover. There were differences for each environmental factors between/ within two types of communities. Species diversity and turnover were significantly affected by PAR within both TEMF and SHR. Species distributions within two types of communities, and in SHR especially were significantly influenced by soil relative moisture. In addition, species diversity and turnover were significantly limited by soil temperature, soil gradient, and slope position in TEMF, however, in SHR, air relative humidity became a main factor that could restrain plant species distributions.