“互联网+”背景下的STEAM教育到创客教育之变迁——从基于项目的学习到创新能力的培养

Changes of STEAM Education to Maker Education under the Background of “Internet+”:From Project-based Learning to Innovation Ability Cultivation

"互联网+"时代为教育的建构与重组提供了新的思考方式,也为STEAM教育到创客教育的变迁提供了有利环境。STEAM课程是美国政府主导的"项目引路PLTW"计划所倡导的以科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学为核心的课程,STEAM教育以项目学习为主要学习方式,学习者通过项目学习来完成学业,获得知识与技能,期间同时获得创新能力的培养。STEAM教育重点营造了政府支持的以项目学习、具身学习为基础的学习环境,培养了学习者的项目学习能力。与STEAM相比,创客教育不仅深化了项目学习能力,且其更加关注学习者创新能力的培养。创客教育以培养创新能力为目标,围绕这一目标,创客教育将学习者视为创造者——创客;将学习场所拓展到传统学习场所以外的空间——创客空间。创客教育成功地把学习重点由基于项目的学习转移到创新创造能力的培养上来,这一转折成为创客教育的亮点。从STEAM教育到创客教育的转变,本质上深化了从培养简单学科素养(即STEAM素养)到综合素养的转变,实现了从培养项目学习能力到培养创新能力的转变。

The ＂Internet＋＂ era provides a new way of thinking for the construction and recombination of the education, and also provides an enabling environment for changes of STEAM education to maker education. STEAM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in five specific disciplines— ——science, technology, engineering, art and mathematics, which is advocated by ＂Project Lead The Way（PLTW）＂ led by American government. STEAM education is based on project-based learning, through which the learners can not only acquire the knowledge and skills, but also cultivate their innovation ability. project learning is the main way of learning, learners through project-based learning to complete their studies, acquire knowledge and skills, training and innovation ability. In a word, STEAM education attaches great importance to constructing a project-based learning environment supported by the government. Compared with STEAM, Maker Education not only deepens the learners＇ project learning ability, but also pays more attention to cultivating the learners＇ innovation ability. Maker Education has successfully made learning focus transferred from project-based learning to innovation ability cultivation, which highlights Maker education. The transition from STEAM education to Maker Education is a transition from developing simple academic literacy（STEAM literacy） to comprehensive literacy, so as to achieve the transition from project-based learning to innovation ability cultivation.