常德近现代航运业兴衰历程

The History of Changde Modern Shipping Industry

沅水之尾、洞庭之西的常德,依水而生,航运业是其城市兴起和发展的重要动力。对19世纪末至20世纪中期,常德近现代航运业兴衰历程进行历史分期,描述历史状况,初步探讨形成原因。1897年至1929年,在近代化、地理位置和传统商贸地位作用下,常德近现代航运业兴起。1929年至1943年,商贸繁荣,战争客观上使得其战略地位上升,常德航运业发展。1943年至1945年,日军入侵,常德航运业紧缩。1945年至1949年,复原运输下常德航运业非正常发展,内战爆发后又急速衰落。常德近现代航运之兴衰是区位与资源优势、社会变革、战争影响等因素相互作用的结果。

Changde is located beside the end of Yuan river and the west of Dongting lake. The city was born with water and the shipping industry has been the important power of its origin and development. A division of the history of Changde modern shipping industry, the characteristics of every period and the reasons are explorod in this paper. From 1897 to 1929, Changde modem shipping industry rose in the course of modernization on the basis of its geographical location and traditional trade state. From 1929 to 1943, Changde modem shipping industry developed in the three aspects of prosperous trade, migration of the war refugees and becoming the base of transport in the war. From 1943 to 1945, Changde was invaded by Japanese army and its shipping industry faced its difficult period. From 1945 to 1949, Changde went through two events： the recovery after the Sino - Japanese war and the civil war. Changde shipping industry also went through the two phases of abnormal prosperity and falling. Some elements like the unique location and the advantage of resource, the social reform and the progress of the transportation and the influence of the war brought up the process.