牛传染性鼻气管炎疫苗研究进展

Advance in Vaccines of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

牛传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)是由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)感染家养牛引起的一种热性接触性传染病。由于缺乏有效的治疗性药物,因此疫苗免疫仍然是防控该病的关键措施。针对该病常用的疫苗主要有灭活疫苗和活疫苗,而基因缺失活疫苗由于具有免疫标识,已成为新型疫苗研发的主流方向。一些发达国家已利用基因缺失标记疫苗,如IBRV gE缺失疫苗,进行免疫根除计划并净化了该病。然而,由于现存的疫苗仍存在免疫抑制与潜伏感染等问题,亟需研制更有效的标记疫苗。论文就牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的病原学特征、免疫抑制及疫苗研发进展进行综述,以期为IBR有效疫苗的研发及其在防控上的应用提供参考。

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis （IBR） is a feverish and contagious infectious disease of cattle caused by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus （IBRV）. Since it lacks effective therapeutic drugs, vaccine immunization is an ideal approach against IBR. Currently available vaccines against IBR are modified live attenuated virus （MLV） and killed whole virus （KV）. Because the gene-deleted vaccines incorporate im- munological markers, they have become a new trend for the new vaccine research and development. Some developed countries have used gene deleted marker vaccines like IBRV gE-deleted marker vaccines to im- plement successfully IBR control and eradication plan. However, the existent live vaccines exhibit immune suppression to some extent. Therefore, more effective vaccines are urgently needed. This paper reviewed IBRV immunological properties,immune suppression and the recent researchs on IBRV vaccines in order to provide reference for development of more effective vaccines and IBRV control.